notes-bibliography style: sample citations
Below are examples showing citations and footnotes using notes-bibliography style.
Examples of footnotes include:
1. Long form - for the first time a footnote appears
2. Short form of the same note - for subsequent footnotes
Each note is followed by the complete source citation as it would appear in the Bibliography at the end of your paper.
Books
One author
1. Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000), 64-65.
2. Gladwell, Tipping Point, 71.
Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown, 2000.
Two or more authors
1. Peter Morey and Amina Yaqin, Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation after 9/11 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011), 52.
2. Morey and Yaqin, Framing Muslims, 60-61.
Morey, Peter, and Amina Yaqin. Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation after 9/11. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.
For four or more authors, list all of the authors in the bibliography; in the note, list only the first author, followed by "et al."("and others"):
1. Jay M. Bernstein et al., Art and Aesthetics after Adorno (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010), 276.
2. Bernstein et al., Art and Aesthetics, 18.
Bernstein, Jay M., Claudia Brodsky, Anthony J. Cascardi, Thierry de Duve, Ales Erjavec, Robert Kaufman, and Fred Rush. Art and Aesthetics after Adorno. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.
Editor or translator instead of author
1. Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91-92.
2. Lattimore, Iliad, 24.
Lattimore, Richmond, trans. The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.
Editor or translator in addition to author
1. Jane Austen, Persuasion: An Annotated Edition, ed. Robert Morrison (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011), 311-12.
2. Austen, Persuasion, 315.
Austen, Jane. Persuasion: An Annotated Edition. Edited by Robert Morrison. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.
Chapter or other part of a book
1. Angeles Ramirez, "Muslim Women in the Spanish Press: The Persistence of Subaltern Images," in Muslim Women in War and Crisis: Representation and Reality, ed. Faegheh Shirazi (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010), 231.
2. Ramirez, "Muslim Women," 239-40.
Ramirez, Angeles. "Muslim Women in the Spanish Press: The Persistence of Subaltern Images." In Muslim Women in War and Crisis: Representation and Reality, edited by Faegheh Shirazi, 227-44. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010.
Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book
1. William Cronon, foreword to The Republic of Nature, by Mark Fiege (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2012), ix.
2. Cronon, foreword, x-xi.
Cronon, William. Foreword to The Republic of Nature, by Mark Fiege, ix-xii. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2012.
Book published electronically
If a book is available in more than one format, cite the version you consulted. For books consulted online, include an access date and a URL. If you consulted the book in a library or commercial database, you may give the name of the database instead of a URL. If no fixed page numbers are available, you can include a section title or a chapter or other number.
1. Isabel Wilkerson, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration (New York: Vintage, 2010), 183-84, Kindle.
2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders' Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), chap. 10, doc. 19, accessed October 15, 2011, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
3. Joseph P. Quinlan, The Last Economic Superpower: The Retreat of Globalization, the End of American Dominance, and What We Can Do about It (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010), 211, accessed December 8, 2012, ProQuest Ebrary.
4. Wilkerson, Warmth of Other Suns, 401.
5. Kurland and Lerner, Founders' Constitution.
6. Quinlan, Last Economic Superpower, 88.
Wilkerson, Isabel. The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration. New York: Vintage, 2010. Kindle.
Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders' Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Accessed October 15, 2011. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
Quinlan, Joseph P. The Last Economic Superpower: The Retreat of Globalization, the End of American Dominance, and What We Can Do about It. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Accessed December 8, 2012. ProQuest Ebrary.
Journal articles
In a note, list the specific page numbers consulted, if any. In the bibliography, list the page range for the whole article.
Article in a print journal
1. Alexandra Bogren, "Gender and Alcohol: The Swedish Press Debate," Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 156.
2. Bogren, "Gender and Alcohol," 157.
Bogren, Alexandra. "Gender and Alcohol: The Swedish Press Debate." Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 155-69.
Article in an online journal
For a journal article consulted online, include an access date and a URL. For articles that include a DOI, form the URL by appending the DOI to http://dx.doi.org/ rather than using the URL in your address bar. The DOI for the article in the Brown example below is 10.1086/660696. If you consulted the article in a library or commercial database, you may give the name of the database instead.
1. Campbell Brown, "Consequentialize This," Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 752, accessed December 1, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696.
2. Anastacia Kurylo, "Linsanity: The Construction of (Asian) Identity in an Online New York Knicks Basketball Forum," China Media Research 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 16, accessed March 9, 2013, Academic OneFile.
3. Brown, "Consequentialize This," 761.
4. Kurylo, "Linsanity," 18-19.
Brown, Campbell. "Consequentialize This." Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 749-71. Accessed December 1, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696.
Kurylo, Anastacia. "Linsanity: The Construction of (Asian) Identity in an Online New York Knicks Basketball Forum." China Media Research 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 15-28. Accessed March 9, 2013. Academic OneFile.
Magazine article
1. Jill Lepore, "Dickens in Eden," New Yorker, August 29, 2011, 52.
2. Lepore, "Dickens in Eden," 54-55.
Lepore, Jill. "Dickens in Eden." New Yorker, August 29, 2011.
Newspaper article
Newspaper articles may be cited in running text ("As Elisabeth Bumiller and Thom Shanker noted in a New York Times article on January 23, 2013, . . .") instead of in a note, and they are commonly omitted from a bibliography. The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations.
1. Elisabeth Bumiller and Thom Shanker, "Pentagon Lifts Ban on Women in Combat," New York Times, January 23, 2013, accessed January 24, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/us/pentagon-says-it-is-lifting-ban-on-women-in-combat.html.
2. Bumiller and Shanker, "Pentagon Lifts Ban."
Bumiller, Elisabeth, and Thom Shanker. "Pentagon Lifts Ban on Women in Combat." New York Times, January 23, 2013. Accessed January 24, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/us/pentagon-says-it-is-lifting-ban-on-women-in-combat.html.
Website
Because websites are subject to change, include an access date and, if available, a date that the site was last modified.
Here are the elements you need for a web site citation in Turabian:
Author's last name, First name. "Title of Article/Page." Title of Web Site. Last modified Month Day, Year. Accessed Month Day, Year. URL/Web Address.
For this article from the New Georgia Encyclopedia website: https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/bell-bomber
Notes:
1.Thomas A. Scott, "Bell Bomber," New Georgia Encyclopedia, last modified May 16, 2016, accessed March 6, 2018, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/bell-bomber.
Shortened Notes:
2. Scott, "Bell Bomber."
Bibliography/ Works Cited example:
Scott, Thomas A. "Bell Bomber." New Georgia Encyclopedia. Last modified May 16, 2016.
Accessed March 6, 2018. https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/bell-bomber.
Encyclopedia Britannica Article
Notes:
1. Britannica School, s.v. "Vietnam War," accessed March 4, 2018, http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/Vietnam-War/277599.
2. Britannica School, "Vietnam War."
In Bibliography:
Britannica School, s.v. "Vietnam War." Accessed March 4, 2018. http://school.eb.com/levels/middle/article/Vietnam-War/277599.
